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Final Temperature Formula:
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The final temperature calculation determines the equilibrium temperature when multiple substances with different heat capacities and initial temperatures are mixed together, based on the principle of conservation of energy.
The calculator uses the weighted average formula:
Where:
Explanation: The formula calculates the temperature at which the total heat energy remains constant when substances reach thermal equilibrium.
Details: Accurate temperature prediction is crucial for thermal system design, chemical processes, energy management, and understanding heat transfer phenomena in various engineering and scientific applications.
Tips: Enter heat capacities in J/K and temperatures in Kelvin as comma-separated values. Ensure both lists have the same number of values corresponding to each substance.
Q1: Why use heat capacity weighted average instead of simple average?
A: Heat capacity represents how much energy a substance can store. Substances with higher heat capacity have greater influence on the final temperature.
Q2: What units should be used for inputs?
A: Heat capacities should be in Joules per Kelvin (J/K) and temperatures in Kelvin (K) for consistent results.
Q3: Does this calculation assume perfect insulation?
A: Yes, this calculation assumes no heat loss to the environment and complete thermal equilibrium between all substances.
Q4: Can this be used for phase change situations?
A: No, this formula does not account for latent heat during phase changes. It's only valid when no phase change occurs.
Q5: What if substances have different masses?
A: The heat capacity already incorporates mass through specific heat capacity (C = m × c), so different masses are automatically accounted for.