1. What is Anion Gap?

The anion gap is a calculated value that represents the difference between measured cations and anions in serum. It's primarily used to assess acid-base disorders and helps differentiate between various types of metabolic acidosis.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the anion gap formula:

Where:

• \( Na \) — Sodium concentration (mmol/L)
• \( Cl \) — Chloride concentration (mmol/L)
• \( HCO_3 \) — Bicarbonate concentration (mmol/L)

Explanation: The anion gap represents unmeasured anions in the blood, primarily consisting of proteins, phosphates, sulfates, and organic acids.

3. Importance of Anion Gap Calculation

Details: Anion gap calculation is crucial for evaluating metabolic acidosis, identifying potential toxic ingestions (e.g., methanol, ethylene glycol), and monitoring critically ill patients.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter sodium, chloride, and bicarbonate values in mmol/L. All values must be valid and greater than zero. Normal anion gap typically ranges between 8-16 mmol/L.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is a normal anion gap range?
A: The normal anion gap is typically 8-16 mmol/L, though reference ranges may vary slightly between laboratories.

Q2: What causes an elevated anion gap?
A: Elevated anion gap can be caused by lactic acidosis, ketoacidosis, renal failure, or toxic ingestions (methanol, ethylene glycol, salicylates).

Q3: What does a low anion gap indicate?
A: A low anion gap may indicate hypoalbuminemia, multiple myeloma, bromide intoxication, or lithium toxicity.

Q4: How does albumin affect anion gap?
A: Albumin is the major unmeasured anion. For every 1 g/dL decrease in albumin, the anion gap decreases by approximately 2.5-3 mmol/L.

Q5: When should anion gap be calculated?
A: Anion gap should be calculated when evaluating metabolic acidosis, suspected toxic ingestions, or unexplained acid-base disorders.