3 Phase Load Current Calculator

3-Phase Current Formula:

\[ I = \frac{P}{\sqrt{3} \times V \times PF} \]

Current (I):

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1. What is 3-Phase Load Current?

Three-phase load current refers to the electrical current flowing through each phase of a three-phase power system. It's a critical parameter in electrical engineering for designing, analyzing, and maintaining three-phase power systems commonly used in industrial and commercial applications.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the 3-phase current formula:

\[ I = \frac{P}{\sqrt{3} \times V \times PF} \]

Where:

\( I \) — Current in amperes (A)
\( P \) — Power in watts (W)
\( V \) — Line-to-line voltage in volts (V)
\( PF \) — Power factor (unitless, between 0 and 1)
\( \sqrt{3} \) — Approximately 1.732 (constant for 3-phase systems)

Explanation: This formula calculates the current per phase in a balanced three-phase system, accounting for both real power and power factor.

3. Importance of Current Calculation

Details: Accurate current calculation is essential for proper sizing of circuit breakers, wires, transformers, and other electrical components. It helps prevent equipment damage, ensures safety, and optimizes system performance.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter power in watts, voltage in volts (line-to-line), and power factor (between 0 and 1). All values must be positive numbers with power factor not exceeding 1.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is power factor and why is it important?
A: Power factor represents the ratio of real power to apparent power. It's important because it affects the efficiency of power transmission and the sizing of electrical equipment.

Q2: Is this formula for line or phase current?
A: This formula calculates the line current in a balanced three-phase system when using line-to-line voltage.

Q3: What's the difference between line and phase voltage?
A: Line voltage is measured between any two lines, while phase voltage is measured between a line and neutral. In a wye system, line voltage = √3 × phase voltage.

Q4: Can I use this for single-phase calculations?
A: No, this formula is specifically for three-phase systems. Single-phase current is calculated as I = P / (V × PF).

Q5: What if my system is unbalanced?
A: This calculator assumes a balanced three-phase system. For unbalanced systems, each phase must be calculated separately considering the individual phase loads.